Wednesday, 2 December 2015

chapter 1 Wired LANs

Q.1 List the LAN technologies.
ans: Ethernet, token ring, token bus, FDDI, ATMLAN

Q.2 Write the purpose of IEEE Standard Project 802.
ans: It is designed to regulate the manufacturing and inter connectivity between different LAN.

47 comments:

  1. Roll no= 3923 and 3942

    1.which are the sublayers of datalink layer?
    Ans. The datalink layer is divided into 2 sublayers ie logic link control(LLC) and media access control(MAC).

    2.What are the tasks of Data link layer(DLL)?
    Ans. Framing,Flow control, Error control.

    3.what are the duties of LLC?
    Ans. Error control, Flow control and the part of framing is done by LLC.

    4.What are the duties of MAC sublayer?
    Ans. A part of framing is done by MAC sublayer.

    5.when did IEEE Standard was approved by ISO?
    Ans. ISO approved IEEE standard in 1987 as an international standard under the designation ISO 8802.

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  2. Roll No:- 3948,3949,3950

    Q1) How framing is handled?
    Ans:Framing is handled by both LLC(logical link control)sublayer & MAC(Media access control) Sublayer.

    Q2)state the purpose of LLC
    Ans:LLC is to provide flow and error control for the upper layer protocols that actually demand these services

    Q3)Which protocol can provide interconnectivity between different LAN's?and why?
    Ans:A single LLC protocol can provide interconnectivity between different LAN's because it makes the MAC sublayer.

    Q4) Which sublayer is responsible for the operation of the CSMA/CD access method and framing?
    Ans:MAC sublayer is responsible for the operation of the CSMA/CD access method and framing

    Q5)State T/F
    The LLC provide many single Data link control for all IEEE LAN's
    Ans:False
    The LLC provide one single Data link control for all IEEE LAN's..

    Q6)DLL does error control... What are methods used in DLL for it???
    1)CRC
    2)parity bit
    3)hamming code

    Q7)What is HDLC???
    High level data link protocol(HDLC) is bit oriented protocol. Used in IBM mainframes

    Q8)what is Framing LLC?
    LLC defines protocol data unit(PDU) that is somewhat similar to that of HDLC

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    Replies
    1. Roll No. 3918,3921

      for Q3 exactly which protocol is used. it answer that single protocol is used but which protocol, please name it
      Is it TCP/IP protocol??

      Delete
    2. LLC provides one single data link control protocol for all IEEE LANs because it makes the MAC transparent.

      Delete
  3. Roll no 3918,3921

    Q1)What is LAN
    Ans: LAN is termed as local area network (LAN) which is a computer networks that is designed for limited geographical area such as a building or a campus.


    Q2)What is different between LLC and MAC
    Ans:LLC provides one single data link control protocol for all IEEE lans,where as MAC sub layer provides different protocols for different LANs.


    Q3)What are the media access methods used in Ethernet LANs, Token Ring and Token Bus.
    Ans: Media access method for Ethernet LAN is CSMA/CD and for Token ring and token bus is token passing.


    Q4)What are the multiples methods of MAC?
    Ans:a)Random Access
    b) Controlled Access
    c) Channelization

    Note.
    IEEE:Institute of Electrical and Electronics and Engineers

    LLC:Logical Link Layer

    MAC:Media Access Control

    PDU:Protocols Data Until

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Roll No 3918, 3921

      Note:
      LLC - Logical Link Control
      PDU - Protocol Data Unit

      Delete
  4. 3901, 3908

    Q.1)Framing is handled in only LLC sublayer and not in MAC sublayer.
    state T/F.
    ans.-False.
    Framing is handled in both LLC &MAC sublayers.

    Q.2)Give the fullforms of
    1]SSAP 2]DSAP
    ans.-1]SSAP- Source Service Access Point.
    2]DSAP-Destination Service Access Point.

    Q.3)Which type of protocols does not use the services of LLC?
    ans.-Most upper layer protocols such as IP does not use the services of LLC.

    Q.4)On which things the physical layer is dependent?
    ans.-Physical layer is dependent on the implememntation and type of physical medis used.

    Q.5)Which function is similar in bolth LLC & MAC sublayer?
    ans.-Framing

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  5. Q1)Give one reason for frame length?
    Ans:It prevents one station from monocollision these shared medium

    Q2)Give the formula of Slot time
    Ans:slot time=round trip time+time required to send the jam sequence

    Q3)Give the access method use for Ethernet
    Ans:CSMA/CD access used for Ethernet

    Q4)Write the purpose of NIC
    Ans: NIC is the network interface card which provides the station with a 6 byte physical address

    Q5) How slot time define in ethernet
    Ans:The solt time in Ethernet is defined in bits i.e the time required for a station to send 512 bits

    Q6) what is the maximum and minimum frame length of MAC ?
    Ans:max frame length-- 1518 byts min frame length- 64 bytes

    Q7)What is size of MAC address
    Ans.MAC address is 6 byte long-- 48 bits

    Q8)What is the 6 bit MAC address for broadcasting??
    Ans. FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF


    Q9)From the given Mac address identify the transmi98ssion technique?
    78:30:1B:2A:67:1A
    Ans:Transmission techiniq is unicasting.
    Reason: In the given Mac address..the 2nd digit of LSB is even.. Hence the technique is unicasting
    Q10)list out the four generation of Ethernet evolution
    Ans: 1.standard Ethernet
    2.fast Ethernet
    3.gigabit Ethernet
    4.10 gigabit Ethernet

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. sorry
      for above ques roll no is 3948,3949,3950

      Delete
  6. Roll no=3923 and 3942

    1.Name the seven field of Ethernet Frame.
    Ans. Ehernet frame contains seven fields :
    Preamble,SFD(Start frame Delimeter), DA(Destination Address),SA(Source Address),length or types of protocol data unit (PDU),upper layer data and CRe.

    2.what is the purpose of Start Frame Delimeter(SFD)?
    Ans. The SFD warns the station or stations that this is the last chance of synchronization.

    3.Give minimum and maximum frame length of Ethernet.
    Ans. Minimum frame length=64 bytes(512 bits).
    Maximum Frame Length=1518 bytes(12144 bits).

    4.The source address is always a unicast address. State true or false.
    Ans. True. The frame comes from only one station.

    5.what is multicast destination address?
    Ans. Multicast destination address defines a group of addresses ;the relationship between the sender and the reciever is one to many.

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  7. roll no=3928 and 39451.state sublayers of data link layer according to IEEE?ans-logical link control and madia access control.2.which is dominant technology amongs LAN sevaral technology ?ans-ethernet.3.why IEEE standard project 802 is design?ans.to regulate the manufacturing and interconnectivity between different LAN's.4.which layer handle the framing functions?ans-MAC layer5.what factor physical layer is dependent on?ans-implementation and type of physical madia used.

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  8. Roll no. : 3920,3922

    1.1

    1. What is project 802?
    Ans : in 1985 the computer society of IEEE started a project called Project 802.

    2. What are the header fields that define the upper-layer protocol at the source and destination?
    Ans.: Destination service access point i.e. DSAP
    Source service access point i.e. SSAP

    3. In which HDLC frame is divided?
    Ans: it is divided into LLC PDU i.e protocol data unit.

    4. Pysical layer is dependent on________________________________
    Ans. On the implementation and type of physical media used.

    1.2

    1.In Standard Ethernet which layer governs the operation of access method?
    Ans. In Data link layer, sublayer Media access control layer govern the operation of the access method

    2.Which fields contains Ethernet frame?
    Ans. Ethernet frame consists of seven fields:
    1.preamble
    2.SFD i.e start frame delimeter
    3. Destination address
    4.source address
    5.length or type
    6.data
    7.CRC

    3. What are the type of following destination address:
    1.4A:30:10:21:10:1A
    2.47:20:1B:2E:08:EE
    3.FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
    Ans.
    1. Unicast address
    2. Multicast address
    3. Broadcast address

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  9. roll no : 3922,3920

    4.how the address is sent out on line?
    Ans. The address is sent left-to-right, byte by byte for each byte, it is sent right-to-Ieft, bit by bit.

    5.Standard Ethernet uses_________________.
    Ans. 1-persistent CSMA/CD

    6.Define relationship between Slot Time and Maximum Network Length.
    Ans. There is a relationship between the slot
    time and the maximum length of the network (collision domain). It is dependent on the propagation speed of the signal in the particular medium.

    MaxLength= PropagationSpeed x (SlotTime/2)


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  10. 1. What are the four implementations of standard Ethernet?
    Ans. 10 Base 5,10 Base 2,10 Base T and 10 Base F.

    2.What is the purpose of Transciever?
    Ans. The transciever is responsible for transmitting,
    recieving and detecting collision.

    3.what is the maximum length of coaxial cable for thick net?
    Ans. The maximum length of coaxial cable for thick net is 500 m.

    4.What are the advantages of Bridge Ethernet?
    Ans. 1) Bridge Ethernet raise the bndwidth.
    2) There are seperate collision domain.

    5.The full duolex mode increases the capacity of each domain from 10 to 20 Mbps.State wether true or false.
    Ans. True.

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  11. Roll no. 3804,3805,3816

    Q1. Name several LAN technologies
    -> Ethernet IEEE 802.3
    Token Ring IEEE 802.5
    Token Bus IEEE 802.4
    FBDI
    ATM LAN

    Q2. State difference between LLC and MAC sublayers
    -> 1] LLC provides flow control,error control and a part of framing duties while MAC handles framing partially.
    2] LLC provides one single DLL protocol for all IEEE LANs while MAC provides different protocols for different LANs.

    Q3.What is use of preamble in 802.3 MAC frame?
    -> Preamble alerts receiving system about coming frame and enables it to synchronize its input timing.

    Q4. Why SFD is important?
    -> SFD(short frame delimiter) signals beginning of frame.
    Last 2 bits of SFD i.e., 11 alerts receiver that next field is destination address.
    SFD = 10101011

    Q5. What does length field in 802.3 MAC frame mean?
    -> Length field in 802.3 MAC frame denote the length of data i.e., length of next field to it.

    Q6. When padding is required in 802.3 MAC frame?
    -> If payload length is less than 46 bytes then padding is needed.

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  13. Roll no 3923,3942

    1. Which encoding scheme is used by Standard Ethernet implementations?
    Ans. Manchester encoding scheme is used by standard Ethernet implementations.

    2. How are stations connected in Fiber Ethernet?
    Ans. The stations are connected to hub using two fiber optic cables.

    3. IO Base-T is always half duplex.State true or false.
    Ans.False. IO Base-T is always full duplex.

    4.which layer is added to provide flow and error control in full duplex switched Ethernet?
    Ans. MAC control layer.

    5.In full duplex switched Ethernet ,there is no need for CSMA/CD method.Give Reason.
    Ans. In full duplex switched Ethernet,each station is connected to the switch via two seperate links hence avoiding collision.

    ReplyDelete
  14. Roll no:3848,3815,3827
    Q.1What are the sublayer of data link layer in IEEE standards?
    Ans:logical link control and media access control.
    Q2.what is LLC?
    Ans:In IEEE project 802,flow control,error control and part of the framing duties are collected into one sublayer called LLC.
    Q3.what is the purpose of LLC?
    Ans:purpose of LLC is to provide flow & error control for the upper layer protocols that actually demand these services.for ex:if LAN or sevral LANs are used in an isolated system.LLC may be needed to provide flow &error control for the application layer protocol.
    Q4.What is MAC layer?
    Ans:IEEE project 802 has created a sub layer called media access control that defines the specific access method for ethernet LANs. For ex: it defines CSMA/CD as the media access method for ethrnetLANs and the token passing method for token ring and token busLANs.part of the framing function also handled by MAC layer.
    Q5.what is the use of data link control?
    Ans:data link control handles framing,flow control and error control.
    Q6.what are the multiple access methods?
    Ans:random access,control access and channelization.
    Q7.what is the full form of PDU and HDLC?
    Ans: PDU- protocol data unit
    HDLC-high level data link control.
    Q8.what is DSAP and SSAP?
    Ans:Framing LLC defines a protocol data unit (PDU) that is somewhat similar to that of HDLC. The header contains a control field like the one in HDLC; this field is used for flow and error control. The two other header fields define the upper-layer protocol at the source and destination that uses LLC. These fields are called the destination service access point (DSAP) and the source service access point(SSAP).
    Q9.Which fields contains Ethernet frame?
    Ans. Ethernet frame consists of seven fields:
    1.preamble
    2.SFD i.e start frame delimeter
    3. Destination address
    4.source address
    5.length or type
    6.data
    7.CRC
    Q10.Give minimum and maximum frame length of Ethernet.
    Ans. Minimum frame length=64 bytes(512 bits).
    Maximum Frame Length=1518 bytes(12144 bits).
    Q11.what are the fields of HDLC frame?
    Ans:1.address
    2.control
    3.upper layer data
    4.FCS

    ReplyDelete
  15. roll no 3948,3949,3950
    topic 1.3 & 1.4
    Q1)What is the effect of bridge on Ethernet LAN?
    Ans. 1) they raise the bandwidth
    2)They have separate collision domain

    Q2)Name the encoding and decoding technique used with standard Ethernet?
    Ans. Manchester encoding and Manchester decoding

    Q3)The capacity of each domain in full duplex ethernet is 10Mbps.. State True or False?
    Ans.False
    The capacity of each domain in full duplex Ethernet is 20Mbps

    Q4)Which topology is used for 10 Base f
    Ans :star topology

    Q5)what is maximum length of standard Ethernet implementation of 10 Base 5 ?
    Ans: 500 m

    Q6)what is maximum length of standard Ethernet implementation of 10 Base 2 ?
    Ans: 185

    Q7)what is maximum length of standard Ethernet implementation of 10 Base T ?
    Ans: 100m

    Q8)what is maximum length of standard Ethernet implementation of io Base f?
    Ans: 2000m

    Q9)which media is used with 10 base 5
    Ans:thick coaxial cabel


    Q9)__________Ethernet no need for CSMA/CD
    Ans:Full duplex switched Ethernet
    Reason:In Full duplex switched Ethernet each station is connected to a switched via two separate links.

    Q10) Why in full duplex no need for the CSMA/CD..
    Ans:Beacuse each station is connected to switch via two separate links

    Q11) To provide flow and error control in full duplex switched ethernet a new sunlayer called the __________
    Ans:MAC control

    Q12)Installation is simpler in 10 Base 2.Justify
    Ans:Beause the coaxial cable is very flexible

    Q13)In 10 Base 5 implementation Transceiver is responsible for__________
    Ans:Trasmitting,receiving,detecting

    Q14)In which Ethernet transceiver is normally part of NIC
    Ans:Thin Ethernet i.e 10Base2

    Q.15)Enlist types that are used in changes in standard Ethernet
    Ans:1.Bridge Ethernet
    2.Switched Ethernet....

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  17. Roll no=3807
    Q1.what are the duties of LLC?
    Ans. Error control, Flow control and the part of framing is done by LLC.
    Q2.Which fields contains Ethernet frame?
    Ans. Ethernet frame consists of seven fields:
    1.preamble
    2.SFD i.e start frame delimeter
    3. Destination address
    4.source address
    5.length or type
    6.data
    7.CRC
    Q3.What are the tasks of Data link layer(DLL)?
    Ans. Framing,Flow control, Error control.
    Q4.list out the four generation of Ethernet evolution
    Ans: 1.standard Ethernet
    2.fast Ethernet
    3.gigabit Ethernet
    4.10 gigabit Ethernet.
    Q5.What are the duties of MAC sublayer?
    Ans. A part of framing is done by MAC sublayer.

    ReplyDelete
  18. Roll no-3813

    1. What are 2 sublayers of data link layer in IEEE standards?
    ans- Logical Link Control(LLC) & Media Access Control(MAC).

    2. Which Task is handled in both LLC & MAC sublayers?
    ans- Framing

    3. How LLC is different from MAC sublayer?
    ans- The LLC provides one single data link control protocol for all IEEE LAN's & MAC sublayer provides diffn protocols for diffn LAN's.

    4.What is the purpose of LLC?
    ans- The purpose of LLC is to provide flow & error control for the upper-layer protocols that actually demand these services.

    5. List the LAN technologies & their standards?
    ans- a) Ethernet-(IEEE802.3)
    b) Token ring-(IEEE802.5)
    c) Token bus-(IEEE802.4)
    d) FDTI
    e) ATM LAN.

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  20. 3817,3818,3839,3843.

    Q1)What is frame format of High Level Data Link Control(HDLC)?
    Ans
    Address -- Control -- Upper Layer data -- FCS.

    Q2)What is the Frame format of the PDU(Protocol Data Unit)?
    Ans
    DSAP(Destination Service Access Point) --- SSAP(Source Service Access Point) --- Control --- Upper Layer Data.

    Q3)True/False.
    MAC layer defines the specific access method for one LAN.
    Ans
    False
    MAC layer defines the specific access method for each LAN.

    Q4)Which layer provide one single data link layer control protocol for all IEEE.
    Ans
    LLC.

    Q5)Which layer provide different protocol for different LAN.
    Ans
    MAC.

    Q6)What is Random Access?
    Ans
    There is no scheduled time for a station to transmit. Transmission is random among the station. That is why these methods are called Random Access.

    Q7)What is Controlled Access.
    Ans
    The station consult one another to find which station has the right to send. A station cannot send unless it has been authorized by other stations.

    Q8)What is Channelization.
    Ans
    Channelization is a multiple-access method in which the available bandwidth of a link is shared in time, frequency, or through code, between different stations.

    Q9)Which is the most dominating LAN technology?
    Ans
    Ethernet.

    Q10)Which are the two physical layer header in MAC frame.
    Ans
    1.Preamble.
    2.SFD(Start Frame Delimiter).

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  22. ROLL NO : 3911,3924
    1)what is multicast destination address?
    Ans. Multicast destination address defines a group of addresses ;the relationship between the sender and the reciever is one to many.

    2.What are the tasks of Data link layer(DLL)?
    Ans. Framing,Flow control, Error control.
    3.what are the duties of LLC?
    Ans. Error control, Flow control and the part of framing is done by LLC.
    Q.4)On which things the physical layer is dependent?
    ans.-Physical layer is dependent on the implememntation and type of physical medis used.
    Q5)State T/F
    The LLC provide many single Data link control for all IEEE LAN's
    Ans:False
    The LLC provide one single Data link control for all IEEE LAN's..

    ReplyDelete
  23. ROLL NO : 3907,3936
    Q1)What is LAN
    Ans: LAN is termed as local area network (LAN) which is a computer networks that is designed for limited geographical area such as a building or a campus.
    2.which is dominant technology amongs LAN sevaral technology ?ans-ethernet.
    3. What are the type of following destination address:
    1.4A:30:10:21:10:1A
    2.47:20:1B:2E:08:EE
    3.FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
    Ans.
    1. Unicast address
    2. Multicast address
    3. Broadcast address

    4.which layer handle the framing functions?ans-MAC layer

    5.what factor physical layer is dependent on?ans-implementation and type of physical madia used.

    ReplyDelete
  24. 3817,3818,3839,3843.

    Q1)What is the Frame format of MAC?
    Ans
    Preamble -- SFD -- Destination Address -- Source Address -- Length or Type -- Data and Padding -- CRC.

    Q2)What is Maximum and Minimum payload length.
    Ans
    Min -- 46 Bytes.
    Max -- 1500 Bytes.

    Q3)What is Maximum and Minimum Frame length?
    Ans
    Min -- 64 Bytes.
    Max -- 1518 Bytes.

    Q4)What is Preamble?
    Ans
    It alerts the receiving system to the coming frame and enable it to synchronize it's input timing.

    Q5)Start Frame Delimiter (SFD)?
    Ans
    Signals the beginning of the frame last two bit's.

    Q6)What is Destination Address (DA)?
    Ans
    The DA field is 6 bytes and contains the physical address of the destination station or station to receive the packet. We will discuss addressing shortly.

    Q7)Length or Type?
    Ans
    This field is define as a type filed or length field. The original Ethernet used this field as the type filed to define the upper-layer protocol using the MAC frame. The IEEE standard used it as the length field to define the number of bytes in the data field. Both use as common today.

    Q8)Data and Padding?
    Ans
    This field carries data encapsulated f from the upper-layer protocols.It is a minimum of 46 and a maximum of 1500 byte's.

    Q9)Cyclic Redundancy Cheak?
    Ans
    The last field contains error detection information. That contains 4 Bytes.

    Q10)Which scheme is use in Physical Layer Encoding and Decoding?
    Ans
    Menchester scheme.
    i.e.Manchester Encoder and Manchester Decoder

    Q11)Formula for Max Length?
    Ans
    Max Length = Propagation Speed × Slot Time / 2

    Q12)Categories of Standard Ethernet?
    Ans
    *10Base 5 (Bus. Thick coaxial).
    *10Base 2 (Bus, Thin coaxial).
    *10Base -T (Star, UTP).
    *10Best - F (Star, Fiber).

    Q13)These reduce the maximum-length of a traditional Ethernet network to ___________.
    Ans
    2500 meter.

    Q14)What is Source Address and Destination Address?
    Ans
    Source address is always Unicast.
    Destination address can be Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast.

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  25. Roll No- 3820,3821, 3824, 3825

    1. By whom the IEEE standard was adopted?
    ans- The standard was adopted by the American national standard institute (ANSI) in 1987.

    2. What are the 2 sublayers of data link layers?
    ans - The IEEE has subdivided data link layer into 2 sublayer- 1) Logical Link COntrol(LLC) 2) Media Access Control(MAC).

    3. What is the function of the data link layer?
    ans - Data link control handles framing, flow control & error control.

    4. Framing is handles only in LLC sublayer State t/f.
    ans False
    Framing is handles in both LLC & MAC sublayer.

    5. DCAP & SSAP stands for?
    ans - DCAP- Destination Service Access Point.
    SSAP- Source service Access Point.

    6. What is the LAN?
    ans- LAN is Local Area Network.

    7. What is the method of MAC?
    ans- 1)Random Access
    2)Control Access
    3)channelization.

    8. what are the LAN technologies?
    ans- Ethernet, Token bus, token ring, FDDI, ATM LAN.

    9. What is the use of LAN?
    ans - LAN can be used an isolated network to connect computers in an organization for the sole purpose of sharing resource.

    10. What is the task of DLL?
    ans - PDU- Protocol Data Unit
    HDLC- High Level Data Link Control
    FCS- Frame Check Sequence.

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  26. Roll No : 3905,3913,3943.

    Q1 : Need Of LLC ?
    Ans : The purpose of the LLC is to provide flow and error control for the
    upper layer protocols.

    Q2: When the ethernet was evolved ?
    Ans : The Ethernet was created in 1976 at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).

    Q3 : List Different generations of Ethrenet.
    Ans : Standard Ethernet (1o Mbps), Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps), Gigabit Ethernet (1 Gbps), and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet (10 Gbps) are different generations of ethernet.

    Q4 : What is the Frame format of MAC?
    Ans : Preamble - SFD - Destination Address - Source Address - Length or Type - Data and Padding - CRC.

    Q5 : Purpose of Preamble ?
    Ans : It alerts the receiving system to the coming frame and enables it to synchronize its input timing.

    Q6 : Min and max frame length of ethernet ?
    Ans : Minimum: 64 bytes (512 bits) Maximum: 1518 bytes (12,144 bits).

    Q7 : How to distinguish between unicast, multicast and braodcast destination address ?
    Ans : If the LSB of the first byte in a destination address is 0, the address is unicast o/w multicast.
    The broadcast destination address has all bits as 1's.

    Q8 : What is slot time ?
    Ans : time required for a frame to travel from one end of a maximum-length network to the other plus the time needed to send
    the jam sequence is called the slot time.i.e. Slot time = round trip time + time required to send the jam sequence.

    Q9 : data rate for Standard ethernet ?
    Ans : 10Mbps.

    Q10 : Implementations of standard ethernet ?
    Ans : 1OBase5(Thick coaxial cabel), 1OBase2(Thin coaxial cabel), 1OBase-T(2UTP), 1OBase-F(2 Fiber Optic cabel).

    Q11 : Purpose of Bridges for ethernet ?
    Ans : Bridges raise the bandwidth and separate collision domains.

    Q12 : Purpose of autonegotiation ?
    Ans : 1) To allow incompatible devices to connect to one another.
    2)To allow one device to have multiple capabilities.
    3) To allow a station to check a hub's capabilities.

    Q13 : Implementations of fast ethernet ?
    Ans : 100Base-TX(Cat 5 UTP or STP), 100Base-FX(Fiber), 100Base-T4(Cat 4 UTP).

    Q14 : data rate for fast ethernet ?
    Ans : 100Mbps.

    Q15 : Implementations of gigabit ethernet ?
    Ans : 1000Base-SX (two optical fibers), 1000Base-LX (two optical fibers), and 1000Base-T (four twisted pairs).

    Q16 : data rate for gigabit ethernet ?
    Ans : 1000Mbps or 1Gbps.

    Q17 : Implementations of ten-gigabit ethernet ?
    Ans : 10GBase-S, 10GBase-L, and 10GBase-E.All uses Fiber optic cabel.

    Q18 : data rate for ten-gigabit ethernet ?
    Ans : 10Gbps.

    Q19 : What is Channelization.
    Ans : Channelization is a multiple-access method in which the available bandwidth of a link is shared in time, frequency, or through code, between different stations.

    Q20 : Sublayers of Data Link Layer ?
    Ans : LLC (Logical link layer ) and MAC(Media Access Control).

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  27. 1. What is the IEEE standard for fast Ethernet?
    Ans. IEEE standard for fast Ethernet is 802.3u.

    2.What is autonegotiation?
    Ans. Autonegotiation allows two devices to negotiate the mode or data rate of operation.

    3.Give any two purposes for autonegotiation?
    Ans. 1) To allow one device to have multiple capabilities.
    2) To allow a station to check hub's capabilities.

    4.How two stations are connected in fast Ethernet?
    Ans. Two stations are connected point to point in fast Ethernet.

    5.What are the implementations of Fast Ethernet?
    Ans. 100 Base-Tx, 100 Base-Fx,100 Base-T4.

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  28. 1. What is the IEEE standard for Gigabit Ethernet?
    Ans. IEEE standard for Gigabit Ethernet is 802.3z.

    2.How the maximum length of cable is determined in Gigabit Ethernet?
    Ans. Maximum length of cable is determined by signal attenuation in the cable.

    3.what is the purpose of frame bursting?
    Ans. To improve the efficiency.

    4.Give IEEE standard for Ten Gigabit Ethernet.
    Ans.802.3ae.

    5.Give the maximum length for 10G Base-L Ethernet.
    Ans. The maximum length for 10 G Base-L Ethernet is 10 km.

    ReplyDelete
  29. Roll no: 3916 , 3902 , 3947 , 3939

    Q.1.)Which are the two effects that bridges have on an Ethernet LAN ?
    Ans : Bridges have two effects on an Ethernet LAN :
    1. They raise the bandwidth and
    2. They separate collision domains.

    Q.2.)What is an Layer 2 Switch?
    Ans : A layer 2 switch is an N-port bridge with
    additional sophistication that allows faster handling
    of the packets.

    Q.3.)How a Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet works ?
    Ans : In a full-duplex switched Ethernet , each station is connected
    to the switch via two separate links.
    Each station or switch can send and receive independently
    without worrying about collision . Each link is a point-to-point
    dedicated path between the station and the switch.

    Q.4)Give advantages of Full-Duplex Ethernet ?
    Ans : *Advantages
    1. There is no need for CSMA/CD method i.e. no need for carrier
    sensing and collision detection.
    2. Each station can send and receive simultaneously.

    Q.5)Give disadvantages of Full-Duplex Ethernet ?
    Ans : *Disadvantages
    1. More Expensive.
    2. An additional layer called MAC control layer is added between
    LLC and MAC layer for error and flow control.

    Q.6)List the Fast Ethernet Implementation .
    Ans : Fast Ethernet implementation at the physical layer can be categorized as :
    Two-wire or Four-wire.
    *The Two-wire implementation can be :

    => category 5 UTP (lOOBase-TX).
    => fiber-optic cable (lOOBase-FX).

    *The Four-wire implementation is designed only :

    => category 3 UTP (l00Base-T4).

    Q.7)What is the purpose of MAC Sub-layer ?
    Ans : Feature is added in MAC layer called as "AutoNegotiation" which
    allows two devices to negotiate data rate communication.

    Q.8)List the Gigabit Ethernet Implementation .
    Ans : Gigabit Ethernet can be categorized as :
    Two-wire or Four-wire implementation.
    *The Two-wire implementations uses :

    =>Fiber-Optic Cable (1000Base-SX, short-wave,orlOOOBase-LX, long-wave),
    or STP (1000Base-CX).

    *The four-wire version uses :
    =>5 twisted-pair cable (lOOOBase-T).

    Q.9)Which Ethernet type support "AutoNegotiation"?
    Ans : Fast Ethernet supports "AutoNegotiation" .

    Q.10)Why Gigabit Ethernet cannot involve the Manchester encoding scheme ?
    Ans : Gigabit Ethernet cannot involve the Manchester encoding scheme because
    it involves a very high bandwidth (2 Gbaud) .

    Q.11)What is the name given to the Fast Ethernet?
    Ans : IEEE created Fast ethernet under the name 802.3u .

    Q.12)What is the name given to the Gigabit Ethernet?
    Ans : IEEE calls the Standard as 802.3z .

    Q.13)What is the name given to the Ten-Gigabit Ethernet?
    Ans : IEEE calls the Standard as 802.3ae .

    Q.14)List the Ten-Gigabit Implementation?
    Ans : Ten-Gigabit Ethernet is designed for using fiber-optic cable over
    long distances. Three implementations are the most common :
    => 1OGBase-S , 300m
    => 1OGBase-L , 10km
    => 1OGBase-E , 40km .

    Q.15)What are the limitations of 10Base5 and 10Base2 ?
    Ans : Limitations of 10Base5 and 1OBase2 is
    communication is half-duplex
    (1OBase-T is always full-duplex);
    a station can either send or receive ,
    but may not do both at the same time .

    Q.16)What allows faster handling of the packets ?
    Ans : A layer 2 switch is an N-port bridge with additional
    sophistication that allows faster handling of the packets.

    Q.17)What is the purpose of "Autonegotiation" ?
    Ans : => To allow incompatible devices to connect to one another.
    For example, a device with a maximum capacity of 10 Mbps can
    communicate with a device with a 100 Mbps capacity
    (but can work at a lower rate).
    => To allow one device to have multiple capabilities.
    => To allow a station to check a hub's capabilities.

    ReplyDelete
  30. Roll no 3948,3949,3950

    topic 1.4 To 1.7

    Q1)write any 2 goals of Fast ethernet.
    Ans: 1)Keep the same frame format
    2)Keep the same maximum and minimum frame length.

    Q2)Fast Ethernet is designed to connect 2 or more station together. state T/F..
    Ans:True
    Because if there are 2 stations they are connected point-to-point.Three of more station need to be connected in star topology with hub or switch

    Q3)write the standard of Gigabit Ethernet.
    Ans:Standard of Gigabit Ethernet is 802.3z

    Q4)Gigabit Ethernet can use Manchester encoding scheme
    State T/F and justify
    Ans:False
    Gigabit Ethernet can not use Manchester encoding scheme because it involves very high bandwidth(2 G baud)

    Q5)Write the standard of Ten-Gigabit Ethernet ..
    Ans: standard of Ten-Gigabit Ethernet is 802.3ae.

    Q6)Write down the 3 common implementation of Ten-Gigabit ethernet
    Ans:10G Base-S
    10G Base-L
    10G Base-E

    Q7)Gigabit ethernet has datarate of_________
    Ans:1000M bps

    ReplyDelete
  31. 3815,3848,3827
    Q1.what is the slot time?
    Slot Time In an Ethernet network, the round-trip time required for a frame to travel from one end of a maximum-length network to the other plus the time needed to send the jam sequence is called the slot time.
    Slot time=round-trip time + time required to nd the jam sequence.
    Q2. Categories ofStandard Ethernet?
    Ans:Standard Ethernet
    common implementations:
    1.10Base5
    2.10Base2
    3.10BaseT
    4.10BaseF
    Characteristics of 1OBase5?
    Ans:media-thick coaxial cable
    Maximum length-500m
    Line encoding- Manchester
    Q4.Characteristics of 10Base2?
    Ans
    Media -Thin coaxial cable Maximum length -185 m
    Line encoding-Manchester .
    Q5.Characteristics of 10BaseT?
    Ans:Media-2UTP
    Maximum length-100m
    Line encoding- Manchester
    Q6.Characteristics of 10BaseF?
    Ans:Media-2 Fiber
    Maximum length-2000m
    Line encoding- Manchester





    Q7.What is bridge ethernet?
    Ans: The first step in the Ethernet evolution was the division of a LAN by bridges. Bridges have two effects on an Ethernet LAN: They raise the bandwidth and they separate colli- sion domains.

    Q8.what are the goals of fast ethernet?
    Ans: goals of Fast Ethernet can be summarized as follows:
    1. Upgrade the data rate to 100 Mbps.
    2. Make it compatible with Standard Ethernet.
    3. Keep the same 48-bit address.
    4. Keep the same frame format.
    5. Keep the same minimum and maximum frame lengths.

    ReplyDelete
  32. Roll No:-3817,3818,3839,3843

    Q1) What was the first step in the Ethernet evolution?
    Ans->The division of a LAN by bridges was the first step in the Ethernet evolution.

    Q2)Which types of wires and topology are used in Standard ethernet implementation?
    Ans-> 10Base-5 Topology= Bus topology Wire=Thick-Coaxial Cable
    10Base-2 Topology= Bus topology Wire=Thin-Coaxial Cable
    10Base-T Topology= Star topology Wire=UTP Cable
    10Base-F Topology= Star topology Wire=Fiber Optic Cable

    Q3) What is the limitation in 10Base-5 and 10Base-2?
    Ans-> In this the communication is done using only Half Duplex.A station can either send or receive but may not do both at the same time.

    Q4)Why CSMA/CD is not needed in Full-Duplex switched ethernet?
    Ans-> CSMA/CD is not needed in Full-Duplex switched ethernet Because in the fullduplex switched ethernet each station is connected to the switch via to separate links.

    Q5)Why MAC control sublayer is added between the LLC sublayer and MAC sublayer?
    Ans-> To provide the flow and error control in full duplex switced ethernet.

    Q6)Why was Fast ethernet designed?
    Ans->Fast ethernet was designed to compete with the LAN protocols such as FDDI or Fiber Channel.

    Q7)Is physical layer in the fast ethernet more complicated then the Standard ethernet State True or False?
    Ans->True

    Q8)What are the different medias used in the 10Gigabit ethernet implementation?
    Ans->10Gbase-S Short Wave S50-nrn multi mode
    10Gbase-L Long Wave 131O-nrn single mode
    10Gbase-E Extended 1550-nrn single mode

    Q9)Number of wires used in Gigabit Ethernet?
    Ans-> 1Gbase-SX :- 2
    1Gbase-LX :- 2
    1Gbase-CX :- 2
    1Gbase-T :- 4

    Q10)What are the block encoding and line encoding in gigabit ethernet implementation?
    Ans-> 1Gbase-SX :- 8B/10B & NRZ
    1Gbase-LX :- 8B/l0B & NRZ
    1Gbase-CX :- 8B/10B & NRZ
    1Gbase-T :- - & 4D-PAM5.

    ReplyDelete
  33. Roll no 3923 and 3942

    Q1)________ acts as a LAN in a remote backbone connected by remote bridges.
    Ans. A point to point link.

    Q2)In starbackbone, the backbone is just one_________
    Ans. Switch.

    Q3)Which characteristics can be used to group stations in a VLAN?
    Ans. Port numbers, MAC addresses , IP addresses , IP Multicast addresses or a combination of two or more of these.

    Q4)How are the stations grouped into different VLANS?
    Ans. Stations are configured in one of the 3 ways-
    1)Manual cofiguration.
    2)Automatic configuration.
    3)Semiautomatic configuration.

    Q5)What is the purpose of virtual LAN?
    Ans. VLAN groups the stations belonging to one or more physical LANS into broadcast domain.

    ReplyDelete
  34. Chapter 2
    Rollno-3923 and 3942

    1. Which 2 kinds of services of architecture of wireless Ethernet?
    Ans:
    BSS(Basic Service Set) ESS(Extended Service Set).

    2.what is hoc network?
    Ans.
    A BSS without an AP is called hoc network.

    3.what is infrastructure network?
    Ans.
    A BSS with an AP is called infrastructure network.

    4.which two types of station uses in extended service set(ESS)?
    Ans:
    1.mobile
    2.stationary

    5.what is IEEE 802.11?
    Ans.
    IEEE has defined the specification for a wireless LAN,called IEEE 802.11, which covers the physical and data link layer.

    ReplyDelete
  35. Roll No : 3905,3913,3943

    Q1 : What is BSS ?
    Ans : IEEE 802.11 standard defines two kinds of services: the basic service set (BSS) and the extended service set (ESS).
    BSS is made of stationary or mobile wireless stations and an optional central base station known as the access point (AP).

    Q2 : What is ESS ?
    Ans : IEEE 802.11 standard defines two kinds of services: the basic service set (BSS) and the extended service set (ESS).
    ESS is made up of two or more BSSs with access points. In this case, the BSSs are connected through a distribution system, which is usually a wired LAN.

    Q3 : Difference between ad hoc and infrastructure network ?
    Ans : A BSS without a access point is called an ad hoc network and a BSS with a access point is called an infrastructure network.

    Q4 : Which types of stations extended service set(ESS) use ?
    Ans: mobile and stationary stations ESS use.

    Q5 : Which are the types of stations based on mobility in a wireless LAN ?
    Ans : no-transition, BSS-transition, and ESS-transition mobility.

    ReplyDelete

  36. Roll no:3948,3949,3950
    Chapter 2
    Q1)In ESS(Extended service set) BSS's(Basic service set) are connected through ________
    Ans: Distributed System( which is usually wired LAN)

    Q2)How the ESS(extended service set) is made up of?
    Ans:ESS are made up of Two or more BSSs with AP(access point)

    Q3)ESS uses 2 types of station mobile and stationary. In which stationary stations are AP station which are part of the Wireless LAN:
    state T/F
    Ans:False
    stationary stations are AP station which are part of the Wired LAN.

    Q4)Define Bluetooth.
    Ans:Bluetooth is Wireless LAN technology designed to connect different devices or different functions such as telephone,computers,cameras,printers and so on

    Q5)Bluetooth LAN is an ad hoc network. comment
    Ans:Bluetooth LAN is an ad hoc network which means that the network is formed spontaneously

    ReplyDelete
  37. Roll no:3932,3930 chap 2nd
    Q1)Define scatternet
    Ans:piconet can be combined and to from a scatternet
    Q2)Define piconet
    Ans:A Bluetooth network is called piconet or smallest it can be have upto 8 stations one of which is primary and other are secondary
    Q3)Bluetooth can sperad overlong distance.. T/F
    Ans:Flase
    Bluetooth can NOT sperad overlong distance...
    Q4)Write down the data rate and bandwidth of bluetooth device?
    Ans:The data rate is 1Mbps with 2.4 GHz bandwidth
    Q5)BSS with AP is prefered to as ________
    Ans:Infrastructure Network

    ReplyDelete
  38. Roll No.2918,2921
    chap=2

    Q1 State two types of networks of bluetooth
    Ans two types are piconet and scatternet.
    Q2. Which layer of bluetooth is equivalent to physical layer of internet model?
    Ans: radio layer
    Q3 How scatternet is formed?
    Ans.Combining the piconets scatternet is formed.
    Q4. What is data rate of bluetooth?
    Ans. 1mbps with a 2.4ghz bandwidth.
    Q5.what is the range of bluetooth?
    Ans.10m
    Q6.what is the band width of bluetooth n it is divided in how many channels?
    Ans.bluetooth has 2.4GHz ISM band divided into 79 channels.
    Q7.which method is use by bluetooth to avoid interference?
    Ans.bluetooth use Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum(FHSS) method
    Q8. What is IEEE standard of bluetooth?
    Ans. IEEE 802.15 standard

    ReplyDelete
  39. ROLL NO : 3916


    Q.1] Which Services are defined by IEEE 802.11 ?
    Ans: Basic Service Set (BSS) are defined by IEEE 802.11 .

    Q.2] What are IEEE 802.11 station types ?
    Ans: Station types are :
    1.) No-transition mobility .
    2.) BSS-transition mobility .
    3.) ESS-transition mobility .

    Q.3] BSS without AP is called as ad hoc architecture.Justify .
    Ans: BSS devices find each other and communicate without any
    access-point.Therefore it is called ad hoc network i.e.
    Independent network.

    Q.4] What are the types of BSS(Basic Service Set) ?
    Ans: Types of BSS are :
    1.)Ad-hoc network or independent BSS
    2.)Infrastructure network.

    Q.5] Define Infrastructure network .
    Ans: BSS with an access point is called as infrastructure network.
    This type of BSS can communicate with other BSS.

    ReplyDelete
  40. Roll No - 3952,3941.
    1) What is code?
    =>Different set of bit patterns have been designed to represent text symbol, each set is called as code.
    2) what is coding?
    =>The process of representing text symbol is called as coding.
    3) full form of ASCII?
    => American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
    4) What are the types of network?
    => 1.Local Area network.
    2.Wide area network.
    5) What is packets in computer networking?
    => In the computer network communication between the two end is done in blocks of data called packets.

    ReplyDelete